GENERAL HISTORY OF MIDDLESEX COUNTY. 1635-1885
J. H. Beers & Co., 36 Vesey Street, New York 1884

[transcribed by Janece Streig]



INTRODUCTION.


In presenting to the public the following history of Middlesex county the publishers desire to say that they do not indulge the hope that it will be found entirely free from errors. They feel confident, however, that the authors of the local histories and articles on special topics have bestowed such care on their work that fewer mistakes will be found than usually creep into works of this kind, and they hope that what inaccuracies may be discovered will be regarded with charity.

For the merits which the publishers believe the work to possess, much credit is due to Henry WHITTEMORE, a native of Essex, in this county, under whose supervision most of the material was prepared.

In every locality parties have been found ready and willing to aid in the work, and among these special mention should be made of Mr. Henry D. A. WARD, of Middletown, who from the first proffered the use of his extensive library, and in many ways contributed to the success of the undertaking.

Their thanks are due to the authors of the different local histories, and of other articles which appear under their respective names.

Valuable aid has been rendered by Gen. E. W. N. STARR, and his wife, and by their son, Mr. Frank STARR. Without the assistance of the latter it would have been impossible to decipher many of the early records of Middletown.

The pastors of the several churches, the officers of the various societies, and the members of the many manufacturing firms-among whom should be specially mentioned Mr. A. R. CRITTENDEN, of Middletown-have given their hearty cooperation, and have assisted by furnishing material concerning their organizations and industries.

They desire to acknowledge their indebtedness to Dr. FIELD's "Statistical History of Middlesex County," and to his "Centennial Address" for important facts relative to the early history of the county.

Great care was exercised in the selection of subjects for biographies and portraits. Leading citizens of the county, and prominent men of other localities-who were natives of the county-were consulted, and their advice, to a great extent, was followed. Selections were made of representative men in the different localities, and wherever it was possible to obtain, from them or their friends, portraits, it has been done; but in some cases parties would not consent to this, and in other either no likenesses, or none that were satisfactory, existed. It is possible that some proper subjects have been overlooked, but the best available means of information have been sought, and efforts have been made to do justice to all.



ERRATA.


Page 19, first column, 28th line from bottom-For "1779" read "1790."

Page 35, second column, 8th line from top-For "Constans" read "Constance."

Page 37, first column, 12TH line from top-For "Enterprise" read "Experiment."

Page 86, second column, 7th line from top-For "January 1864" read "January 1866."

Page 178, first column, 4th line from bottom-For "Franklin S. COMSTOCK" read "Franklin G. COMSTOCK."

Page 339, first column, 23d line from bottom-For "appraised" read "apprised."

Page 528, first column, 14th line from bottom-for Manoah SMITH" read "Manoah Smith MILES."



CONTENTS.

OUTLINE HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT.


CHAPTER I
Aborigines..Relics and Theories of the earliest inhabitants..Indians at the time of settlement 1-2
CHAPTER II.
First Settlement and Indian Wars 2-3
CHAPTER III.
Colonial Governments of Connecticut, New Haven, and Saybrook..Progress of Connecticut Colony..Purchase of Saybrook..Difficulties with the Dutch 3
CHAPTER IV.
Union of Connecticut and New Haven, under a Charter..boundaries Established..Calim of Jurisdiction by Sir. Edmund ANDROSS..King Phillip’s War. 3-4
CHAPTER V.
Attempts to deprive Connecticut of its Charter and its full Chartered rights, and successful resistance to these attempts. 4-5
CHAPTER VI.
Progress of the Colony..French and Indian Wars..Claims of Connecticut to Lands in Pennsylvania and Ohio, and their adjustment. 6
CHAPTER VII.
Connecticut in the Revolution and in the War of 1812. 7
CHAPTER VIII.
Connecticut in the Great Civil War—Constitutional Governments..Civil List. 7




GENERAL COUNTY HISTORY.



CHAPTER I.
Geography, Topography, and Original Condition. 9
CHAPTER II.
The Geology of Middlesex County. 10
CHAPTER III.
Early Settlers 15
CHAPTER IV.
Agriculture in Middlesex County 16
CHAPTER V.
Medical Profession in Middlesex County 18
CHAPTER VI.
The Bench and Bar of Middlesex County 31
CHAPTER VII.
Ferries, Steamboats, Highways, Railroads 36
CHAPTER VIII.
Middlesex County in the Civil War 40
CHAPTER IX.
Civil List and Population 58




TOWN HISTORIES.

TOWN AND CITY OF MIDDLETOWN.



TOWN AND CITY OF MIDDLETOWN.
Geographical and Descriptive..The Aborigines..Settlement of Middletown..Mill Privilege Granted to Thomas MILLER, 1655.. Grant to George DURANT, Town Blacksmith..Sketches of the Settlers..From the Town Records..Proceedings of the General Court Concerning Middletown..Bridges..Growth of the Town..Census of 1776..Civil List..Middletown Probate District..The Custom House, District of Middletown..Middletown Post Office..Almshouse..Action of Middletown concerning the Constitution of 1818..Lead Mine..Middletown Ferry..Railroads..Middletown in the Revolution..Middletown in the Civil War of 1861-65..

CITY OF MIDDLETOWN—Incorporation..First Meeting, Ordinances, etc.,..Streets named..Sidewalks..Whipping Post..Mortality of the City in 1825..City Officers..Court Houses..County Jails..City Court..Old Houses..Hotels and Taverns..The Press of Middletown..Fire Department..The Middletown Gas Light Company..The Middletown Water Works..Southern New England Telephone Company..Banks..Insurance Companies..Bands and Drum Corps..The RUSSELL Library..The Soldiers’ Monument..Industries of the Town and City, Past and Present..Benevolent Institutions..Connecticut Hospital for the Insane..Connecticut Industrial School for Girls..Middlesex County Orphan’s Home..Lodges and Societies..Literary Institutions..Wesleyan University..Berkeley Divinity School..Schools in Middletown..Churches of Middletown..First Congregational Church of Middletown..Second Congregational Church..History of the Church and Parish of Holy Trinity..First Methodist Episcopal Church..The First Baptist Church..First Universalist Church..African Methodist Episcopal Church..John’s (R. C.) Church..Christ Church (Episcopal)..All Saints Chapel..Pameacha Mission..Bethany Chapel..South Farms Methodist Chapel..Westfield Congregational Church..Westfield Baptist Church..Westfield Methodist Chapel..Union Chapel, Long Hill..Cemeteries..The Old Cemetery..Old Cemetery at Maromas..Old South Farms Cemetery..Washington Street Cemetery..the New Maromas Cemetery..Cemetery in North District No. 2..The Mortimer Cemetery..Cem-in South District No. 4…The old Westfield Street Cemetery..the Miner Cemetery..Cemetery in West District No. 3…Indian Hill Cemetery..Farm Hill Cemetery..Pine Grove Cemetery Association..Prominent Men.
61
TOWN OF CHATHAM
Geographical and Descriptive..From the Town Records..Civil List..Roads..Cemeteries..Cobalt Mines..Post Offices..Schools..Industries of the Town..Manufactures in East Hampton..Manufactures on the Cobalt Stream..Middle Haddam..Secret Societies..Chatham in the Wars..The French and Indian War..The Revolutionary War..War of 1812..The Rebellion..Churches in Chatham..Congregational Church..Middle Haddam..Baptist Church, East Hampton..Second Congregational Church, Middle Haddam..Episcopal Church, Middle Haddam..Methodist Episcopal Church, Middle Haddam..Catholic Church, East Hampton..The Christian Advents..Methodist Episcopal Church, East Hampton..Congregational Church, East Hampton..Union Congregational Church, East Hampton..Westchester..Early Settlers and their Descendants. 174
TOWN OF CHESTER.
Geographical and Descriptive..The Indians..Division of the Land..Cemeteries..Congregational Church..Baptist Church..Roman Catholic Church..Schools..Shipbuilding..West India Trade..Stores and Hotels..Post Offices and Mails..Quarrying..Agriculture..Manufacturing..Chester Savings Bank..Chester in the Wars..Civil List..Prominent Men. 218
TOWN OF CLINTON.
Geography and Topography..Settlement..Incorporation of the Town..Civil List. War of 1812..War of the Rebellion..Village of Clinton..The East Green..Planting of Trees..Libraries..Clinton National Bank..Masonic Lodges..Clinton Agricultural Society..The Shore Line Railroad..The Merchants of Clinton..The Oyster Trade..The Schools of Clinton..Chuches of Clinton..Congregational Church..Baptist Church..The Universalists..Methodist Church..Holy Advent (P. E.)..Prominent Men. 229
TOWN OF CROMWELL.
Traces of the Inidans..Settlement..Parish of Upper Houses..Incorporation of the Town..Civil List..The Cromwell Roads..Education..The French and Indian Wars..The Revolutionary War..The War of the Rebellion..Industries of the Town..Cromwell Hall..Cromwell Tract Society (Union)..The Friendly Association and Academy..Village Improvements..Congregational Church..Baptist Church..Methodist Church..Catholic Church..Cromwell Cemetery..Prominent Men. 242
TOWN OF DURHAM
Geographical and Descriptive..Geology of Durham..Deed from the Indians..Laying out the Land..Incorporation, Growth etc.,From the Town Records..Vivil List..Extracts from FIELD’s History..Durham in 1819..Highways..Turnpike Companies..First Congregational Church..Church of the Epophany..Methodist Church..Center Congregational Church..Burying Ground..Schools..College Report..The Revolutionary War..Militia..The War of the Rebellion..Swathel House..The Fall of Mill Bridge..Libraries and Literary Societies..Temperance Societies..Drain Companies..Durham Acqueduct Company..Quarrying and Mining..Manufacturing in Early Times..Merriam Manufacturing Company..The Present Time..Assessment List…Descendants of the Settlers. 263
TOWN OF EAST HADDAM.
Geographical and Descriptive..Settlement..Indian History..From Colonial Records..East Haddam in the Revolution..East Haddam in the Rebellion..Civil List..Probate District..Militia of East Haddam..Public Schools..Roads..Cemeteries..Miscellaneous..Millington..Millington Ecclesiastical Society..Millington Congregational Church..East Haddam Landing..Shipbuilding..Congregational Church..St. Stephen’s Church..East Haddam Library..Columbia Lodge, No. 26, F. & A. M…Champion House..Maple Wood..Music Seminary..GOODSPEED’s Landing..GELSTON Family and GELSTON House..CHAPMAN’s Ferry..Industries of GOODSPEED’s Landing..National Bank of New England..Middlesex Lodge, No. 3, I. O. O. F…Moodus..Moodus Noises..”Matchit Moodus”..Baptist Church..Methodist Episcopal Church, Moodus..The Catholic Church in Moddus..The Moodus Savings Bank..The Connecticut Valley Advertiser..Moodus Drum Corps..Industries of Moodus..Leesville..Hadlyme..Manufacturing..Prominent Men. 282
TOWN OF ESSEX.
Geographical and Descriptive..Indians..Settlement of Potapaug..Division of the Land..Some Early Settlers..Early Highways..Prices of some Common Articles..Form of Indenture, 1804..The Raid on Essex 1814..The Borough of Essex..The Town of Essex..Civil List..War Record..Connecticut Valley R. R. Stock..The Second Ecclesiastical Society..St. John’s Episcopal Church..The Baptist Church of Essex..The Methodist Episcopal Church..Congregational Church, Essex..Public Schools..HILLS Academy..Cemeteries..Shipbuilding..Wharves..Taverns and Hotels..Mills and Manufactories..ELY’s Ferry..Masonic..Odd Fellows..Good Templars..United Workmen..Newspapers..Banks..Cornet Band..Fire Companies..Prominent Men. 331
TOWN OF HADDAM.
Geographical and Descriptive..Purchase and Settlement..Division of the Land..Establishing the Bounds..The Town Ecclesiastical..The Town and Society Action..Growth and Progress..The French War..Militia..The Revolution..War of 1812..The War of the Rebellion..Connecticut Valley Railroad..Educational..Early Mills..Quarries..Manufactures..Shipbuilding..Commerce..Fisheries..Ferries..Town Election and Officers..Haddam Centre..Higganum..The Great October Flood..Higganum Manufactures..Higganum Congregational Church..Methodist Episcopal Church..Ponset Methodist Church..Ponset Protestant Episcopal Church..Localities..Haddam Neck..Mills and Manufactories..Cemetery..Shipbuilding..Merchants..Settlement..Congregational Church..Methodist Episcopal Church..Schools..College Graduates..Bridges..Post Office..Members of Legislature..The Revolutionary War..War of 1812..War of the Rebellion..Literary Circle..Venture SMITH..Prominent Men. 368
TOWN OF KILLINGWORTH.
Extent and Boundaries..Settlement of the Town..Patent of 1703..Deeds from Uncas..Saybrook vs. Killingworth..Grant of Land to Soldiers..Indians..Traces of the Indians..Old Grist Mills..French and Indian War..Revolutionary War..Occupation of the Settlers..Civil List..Present Killingworth..Death of Captain John LANE..The Murdered Children..Mr. Martin LORD’s Letter..Early Schools and Teachers..Agricultural Society..War of the Rebellion..Churches..Pominent Men. 417
TOWN OF MIDDLEFIELD.
Settlement and Early History..Incorporation of the Town etc., Civil List..Roads..Post Offices..Congregational Church..The Methodist Episcopal Church..St. Paul’s Church..Union Chapel..Military..Schools..Mills and Manufactories..Prominent Men. 435
TOWN OF OLD SAYBROOK.
Discovery and Settlement..Extracts from Lion GARDNERs Letter from the Massachusetts Historical Collections..Geographical and Descriptive..Indians and Indian Wars..Early History of Saybrook Post..Purchase of Saybrook Fort..Removal of Settlers to Norwich..List of Freemen in 1669..Attempt of Geroge ANDROSS to Take Possession of Saybrook Fort..Condition of the fort in 1693..Yale College Patent of 1704..The Saybrook Platform..Common Lands..Parsonage Meadow, Grants to Soldiers, etc.,..Saybrook Ferry..The Gale of September 1815..John TULLY..Extracts from Old Records and Documents..Division of the Town..Civil List..New Saybrook..FENWICK Hall..Saybrook in the Revolutionary War..Saybrook in the War of 1812..Old Saybrook in the War of the Rebellion..Congregational Church..Protestant Episcopal Church..Methodist Episcopal Church..Schools..Early Mills..West India Trade and Shipbuilding..Fisheries..Building Materials..Manufacturing..Stores, Hotels, etc.,, Physicians..Siloan Lodge, So. 32, F. & A. M…Public Library..Tomb of Lady FENWICK..Saybrook Point..Prominent Families. 442
TOWN OF PORTLAND.
Geographical and Descriptive..Indians..Early Settlers..Indian Wars..The Revolution..The War of 1812..Portland as it is..Civil List..Schools..Mills, Manufactories, etc..Shipyard..Portland Quarries..Physicians and Dentists..Prominent Persons from Portland..Diseases, Epidemics, etc..Post Offices..Banks..Libraries..Public Halls..The Alms House..The Soldiers Monument..Private Collections..Ferries..GILDERSLEEVE Ice House..Fires and Fire Company..Churches..Prominent Men. 493
TOWN OF SAYBROOK.
Introduction..The Present Town of Saybrook..Early Settlers of the Town..Old Houses..The War of the Rebellion..Civil List..Ancient Town Records..The Town Hall..Post Offices..Deep River National Bank..Deep River Savings Bank..The Wahginnicut House..Societies..Bible Society..Schools..Industries of the Town..Merchandise..Charles..Cemeteries.. Prominent Men. 537
TOWN OF WESTBROOK.
Geographical and Descriptive..Indians..First Settlers..Oyster River Quarter..Permanent Settlement..Early Roads..Incorporation..Civil List..Shipbuilding..Slavery..Mills..Iron Works..Fisheries..Ecclesiastical Society..Methodist Churches..Schools..War of the Rebellion..The Coloniel WORTHINGTON Farm..Prominent Men. 561


ILLUSTRATIONS.
Berkeley Divinity School 124
Connecticut Hospital for the Insane 106
Fenwick Hall 466
GAYLORD House (Oldest House in Middletown) 94
Maps.—Outline County Plan 1
       Geological 1
       Haddam 370
       Main Street, Clinton 229
       Main Street, Middletown 85
Morgan School 120
Old Court House 85
Old Fort at Saybrook 467
RUSSELL Library 94
Tomb of Lady FENWICK 485
View of Haddam 370
Wesleyan University 120


PORTRAITS.
ALLEN, John 488
ALSOP, Joseph Wright 156
BAILEY, Leonard, M. D. 168
BAILEY, Samuel B., M. D. 416
BRAINERD, Erastus 535
BUELL, William H. 240
CLARK, George M. 414
CLARK, Thomas J. 413
COMSTOCK, Samuel M. 362
CONE, Jonathan O. 322
DOUGLAS, Benjamin 164
DOUGLAS, Joseph W. 165
DOUGLAS, William 163
FRISBIE, Russel 262
GALE, E. Thompson 241
GILDERSLEEVE, Ferdinand 532
GILDERSLEEVE, Henry 530
GILDERSLEEVE, Oliver 531
GILDERSLEEVE, Sylvester 529
GOODSPEED, William H. 327
HALL, Hon. Alfred 534
HENDLEY, J. J. 167
HOTCHKISS, Julius 161
HUBBARD, Henry G., 160
HUBBARD, H. P. 560
HUBBARD, Samuel D. 159
JARVIS, George O. 533
JENNINGS, Rev. Russell 557
JOHNSON, Emory 328
KILBOURN, Jonathan 162
LANE, Abner 433
MANSFIELD. Gen. J. K. F. 155
MANWARING, David W. 363
MILLER, Samuel B. 366
NICHOLS, William E. 329
REDFIELD, William C. 259
RUSSELL, Samuel 170
SHALER, Gen. Alexander 411
SHEPARD, Nelson 536
SHIPMAN, Hon. William D. 226
SPENCER, D. C. 490
SPENCER, J. W. 578
SPENCER, R. P. 558
STILES, N. C. 173
VEAZEY, Hiram 217
WARNER, Samuel L. 169
WHITTEMORE, Henry 365
WILCOX, Eben 261
WILCOX, William 172
WILCOX, William W. 166
WILLIAMS, Datus, M. D. 324
WILLIAMS, G. G. 325
Williams, Rt. Rev. John 154


BIOGRAPHIES.
ABELL Family 198
ACKLEY Family 198
ALLEN, Hon. John 488
ALSOP Family 156
ALVORD Family 199
ARNOLD, Samuel 416
AUGUR, P. M. 440
BAILEY, Leonard, M. D. 167
BAILEY, Samuel B., M. D. 415
BALDWIN, Jesse G. 159
BALDWIN, Josiah 238
BARTON Family 200
BEVIN Family 201
BIDWELL, Dr. Edwin 557
BILL Family 201
BOARDMAN, Luther 326
BRADFORD, Dr. Jeremiah 202
BRAINERD, Erastus 535
BRAINERD Family, Chatham 202
BRAINERD Family, Haddam 406
BRAINERD Family, East Haddam 323
BRAY, Amaziah 239
BROWN, Family 202
BUELL, Abel 238
BUELL, Hon. William H. 240
BULKLEY, Eliphalet A. 321
BUSHNELL, David 575
CHAMPION, Gen. Epaphroditus 320
CHAMPLIN, Capt. Henry L. 360
CHAPMAN Family 573
CLARK Family 204
CLARK, George M. 414
CLARK, Thomas J. 413
CLARK, Oliver H. 228
COAN, Rev. Titus 434
COLE, Ebenezer 205
COMSTOCK, Christopher 205
COMSTOCK, Samuel M. 362
CONE Family 321
CONE, Francis H. 321
CONE, Jonathan O. 322
CONE, William R. 323
CRANE, Henry 237
DENISON Family 487
DICKINSON Family 487
DOUGLAS, Hon. Benjamin 163
DOUGLAS, Joseph W. 164
DOUGLAS, William 163
EDGERTON, Francis D. 173
ELDERKIN, Elisha 238
ELLIOT, Dr. Aaron 238
ELLIOT, Ely Augustus 239
EMMONS Family 321
FIELD Family 408
FISK, John 158
FOWLER, W. C., LL. D. 281
FRISBIE, Russel 261
GALE, Dr. Benjamin 240
GALE Family 241
GATES Family 207
GILDERSLEEVE, Ferdinand 532
GILDERSLEEVE, Henry 531
GILDERSLEEVE, Oliver 532
GILDERSLEEVE, Sylvester 530
GOODRICH, Chauncey 281
GOODSPEED, George E. 327
GOODSPEED, William H. 326
GRIFFIN, Edward D. 321
GRISWOLD, Capt. Daniel 237
GRISWOLD, Edward 237
HALL Family 534
HAMLIN, Hon. Giles 152
HART Family 486
HENDLEY, Capt. J. J. 166
HOTCHKISS, Hon. Julius 161
HUBBARD, Harlan P. 559
HUBBARD, Hon. Henry G. 160
HUBBARD, Hon. Samuel D. 160
HULL, Henry 434
HULL, Josias 237
HURD, Jacob 208
HURD, Leet 239
INGHAM, Hon. Samuel 360
JACKSON, Hon. Ebenezer jr. 158
JARVIS, Mrs. Elizabeth M. 487
JARVIS, George O., M. D. 532
JARVIS, Rev. Samuel F. 158
JENNINGS, Rev. Russell 557
JOHNSON, Edwin F. 158
JOHNSON, Emory 328
JOHNSON Family 209
KEIGHLEY, William 209
KELSEY, Daniel 433
KELSEY, Hosmer 433
KILBOURN, Jonathan 162
LANE, Abner 433
LANE, Hezekiah 432
LAY Family 574
LESTER, Ebenezer 239
L’HOMMEDIEU, Joshua 228
LYMAN, David 440
MANSFIELD, Gen. J. K. F. 155
MANWARING, David W. 363
MARKHAM, John 210
MAYO, Richard 210
MCDONOUGH, Com. Thomas 153
MILLER, Samuel B. 366
MORGAN, Judge William 237
MOSLEY, Jonathan O. 320
MURDOCK Family 574
NETTLETON, Rev. Asahel 433
NICHOLS, William e. 329
NOTT, Dr. Eliphalet 320
OLMSTED, Stephen 210
PARMALEE Family 211
PARMALEE, Rev. Philander 434
PHELPS, Hon. James 361
PIERSON, Abraham 432
PRATT, James T. 154
PRATT, Hon. Richard S. 558
PRATT, Lieut. William 487
READ, George 557
REDFIELD, William C. 259
ROCKWELL, Harry 212
ROGERS, Capt. Timothy 212
RUSSELL Family 169
SEARS Family 212
SHALER, Gen. Alexander 411
SHEW, Dr. Abram M. 171
SHEPARD, Nelson 535
SHIPMAN, Hon. William D. 226
SILLIMAN, Samuel C. 227
SPENCER, R. P. 558
SPENCER, Alfred G. 579
SPENCER, Daniel C. 490
SPENCER, George 556
SPENCER, Frederick W. 577
SPENCER, Hon. Joseph 323
SPENCER, Joseph W. 578
STANTON, John 239
STARR, Gen. E. W. N. 164
STEVENS, Philander 432
STILES, N. C. 172
STOCKING, Rev. William R. 258
STORRS, Henry R. 153
STORRS, William L. 153
STOW, Rev. Samuel 152
STRONG Family 214
THROOP, Gen. Dyer 321
URQUHART, Capt. W. W. 367
VEAZEY, Hiram 217
WARNER, Hon. Ely 226
WARNER, Hon. Daniel B. 327
WARNER, Hon. Samuel L. 168
WHITE, Stephen 257
WHITTEMORE, Alvan F. 365
WHITTEMORE, Henry 365
WILCOX, Eben 261
WILCOX, Joseph 237
WILCOX, William 172
WILCOX, William W. 165
WILLEY, Calvin 324
WILLIAMS, Hon. Alpheus S. 561
WILLIAMS, Dr. Datus 324
WILLIAMS, George G. 325
WILLIAMS, Rt. Rev. John 154
WRIGHT, Benjamin 240

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